View as: (view raw or row-normalized)
View using InCHLib : here ( Experimental feature, still under development)
(Values are log2 transformed ratios of a genes expression in a sample divided by the mean expression level)
Gene | Archegonia (mature) | Antheridia (9 DAI) | Antheridia (small, 11 DAI) | Antheridia (mature, 14-15 DAI) | Antheridia (japan) | Antheridia | Antheridia Reute | Antheridia Gransden | Sperm cell packages | Gametophore | Gametophore (dehydrated) | Gametophore (rehydrated) | Gametophore (hydroponic) | Gametophore+auxin (hydroponic) | Leaflets | Paraphysis | Sporophyte (9 DAF) | Sporophyte (16 DAF) | Sporophyte S1 | Sporophyte S2 | Sporophyte S3 | Sporophyte S4 | Sporophyte (10 DPC) | Spore capsule (green) | Spore capsule (green, reute) | Spore capsule (mature) | Spore capsule (mature, reute) | Spores (germinating, continous light) | Protoplast | Protonema | Protonema (liquid culture) | Protonema+aba | Protonema+gametophore | Protonema+gametophore (continous light) | Protonema+gametophore (heat stress) | Protonema+gametophore (high light) | Protonema+gametophore (low light) | Protonema+gametophore+acetone | Protonema+gametophore+gib.acid (continous light) | Protonema+gametophore+glucose (blue light) | Protonema+gametophore+glucose (darkness) | Protonema+gametophore+glucose (far red light) | Protonema+gametophore+glucose (red light) | Protonema+gametophore+glucose (uv-b light) | Protonema+gametophore+jasmonate | Protonema+gametophore+stringolactone | Protonema+glucose (continous light) | Chloronema |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 2.99 | -2.19 | -1.93 | -1.58 | - | - | - | 4.0 | -0.03 | - | -2.76 | -0.32 | 0.5 | -4.25 | - | 1.83 | -2.45 | - | - | - | -2.48 | - | - | -1.4 | 2.48 | -2.88 | - | - | -2.18 | -1.83 | -1.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.64 | - | - | 0.71 | 0.7 | -2.61 | - | - | 1.31 | - | - | |
- | - | -0.5 | 0.52 | 2.05 | 0.85 | - | - | 2.92 | -1.38 | - | - | - | - | -3.93 | 4.55 | 0.35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.67 | 0.39 | 1.43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
1.74 | 3.19 | 2.15 | - | -0.81 | - | 0.79 | 0.51 | 3.71 | -1.49 | 0.64 | - | -2.07 | - | -3.8 | -1.04 | 1.34 | 0.86 | - | - | - | - | - | -1.5 | - | 1.75 | - | - | - | -4.82 | 0.41 | -0.78 | - | - | - | - | - | -0.76 | - | - | - | - | -1.25 | -2.04 | - | -1.75 | - | - | |
- | 4.59 | 0.47 | -2.44 | - | -0.3 | - | - | 3.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.95 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2.03 | - | -0.07 | - | -2.01 | - | - | - | -2.31 | - | - | - | - | -2.01 | - | - | -1.78 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.31 | - | - | |
- | 4.35 | -0.05 | -1.12 | -1.07 | - | - | - | 3.56 | - | -1.79 | -1.1 | -1.57 | - | -3.31 | - | 1.39 | 3.13 | - | - | -1.4 | - | - | -2.26 | -2.22 | -0.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.67 | 1.17 | - | -1.8 | - | - | 1.63 | 4.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | 1.05 | - | - | - | - | - | -0.25 | - | 2.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.67 | 1.17 | - | -1.8 | - | - | 1.63 | 4.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | 1.05 | - | - | - | - | - | -0.25 | - | 2.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.79 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.43 | - | 2.49 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.1 | 2.74 | - | - | 0.23 | - | - | - | 3.52 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.41 | 0.81 | -1.68 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.02 | -0.81 | 1.43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2.72 | |
- | 3.84 | -0.46 | 2.27 | - | - | - | - | 3.05 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.81 | - | 3.07 | 1.69 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | -0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.58 | - | - | |
0.25 | 4.21 | 2.23 | 0.94 | -1.55 | - | - | - | 3.58 | - | - | - | - | - | -7.88 | 1.69 | 1.57 | -1.28 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.49 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.7 | -0.22 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.86 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -0.29 | - | 2.08 | -0.19 | - | -0.63 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 5.15 | -1.66 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -0.49 | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.26 | -1.19 | 2.2 | -4.19 | 0.41 | -1.06 | -1.64 | 1.34 | -1.8 | -0.33 | -0.39 | -0.84 | -1.22 | -1.31 | 1.75 | 0.83 | 0.58 | -2.85 | -1.18 | -1.62 | -2.24 | -0.56 | -3.84 | -0.94 | 0.3 | -3.38 | -1.46 | -2.24 | -1.84 | -2.88 | -4.13 | -1.79 | -2.74 | -3.3 | -2.06 | - | -2.05 | -3.43 | -1.05 | -0.79 | -1.0 | -1.85 | -2.86 | -1.88 | -1.98 | -2.9 | -0.51 | |
- | 4.18 | - | - | 1.77 | - | - | - | 4.13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.09 | 2.1 | 2.05 | -1.73 | - | - | - | 3.75 | - | - | - | - | - | -4.73 | 2.57 | 2.38 | 1.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.01 | - | - | - | -5.15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 1.9 | - | 3.48 | - | - | - | - | 2.85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.49 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.45 | 3.14 | 0.46 | 1.55 | -1.21 | -1.83 | 1.51 | 0.33 | 2.8 | -0.43 | - | -2.97 | -2.34 | - | -1.06 | 3.05 | 2.2 | -0.55 | -3.4 | 0.82 | - | -2.69 | - | -3.99 | -1.56 | 1.57 | - | - | - | -2.59 | -1.13 | -1.84 | -3.36 | - | - | - | - | -2.82 | - | - | -1.31 | - | - | -3.1 | - | -2.84 | - | -4.13 | |
-0.19 | 3.44 | -0.35 | 0.78 | -0.57 | 0.08 | 0.35 | -1.74 | 2.45 | -0.61 | -1.9 | - | -2.22 | -1.32 | -2.76 | 1.07 | 1.68 | -0.67 | 1.7 | -0.13 | - | 0.53 | -0.36 | - | -0.07 | 2.1 | -0.21 | - | -2.32 | -1.45 | -1.35 | -2.07 | - | -1.95 | -1.1 | - | - | - | -1.23 | - | -1.39 | -0.55 | -1.9 | - | -1.8 | -0.9 | - | -1.44 | |
-2.47 | 2.19 | 2.05 | -2.15 | 0.31 | 0.93 | 1.49 | 1.43 | 2.54 | -0.07 | - | - | -3.9 | - | -1.72 | 0.83 | -0.59 | 0.81 | - | -0.58 | -0.1 | -0.25 | 1.46 | -1.83 | -1.14 | 0.59 | -2.86 | -0.64 | -4.0 | -0.14 | -1.17 | -1.38 | -1.11 | -0.82 | -2.76 | -0.73 | -1.13 | 0.83 | - | -0.78 | -1.5 | -1.77 | -0.61 | -1.24 | -1.92 | 0.85 | - | -0.89 | |
- | 4.32 | - | 1.18 | - | 1.86 | -0.53 | 2.5 | 2.71 | -2.57 | - | - | - | - | -3.3 | - | 1.11 | -0.74 | - | - | 0.69 | - | - | - | -0.05 | 1.09 | -0.27 | - | - | -3.12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -0.75 | - | - | |
- | 2.04 | 1.15 | 0.98 | -2.6 | - | - | - | 4.18 | - | - | - | - | - | -4.61 | 3.73 | 1.61 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.51 | - | 2.22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.33 | 3.67 | 0.74 | 0.99 | -1.3 | - | - | -0.17 | 3.85 | - | - | - | - | - | -4.33 | 0.39 | 2.87 | -0.32 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | - | 2.14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.04 | 1.65 | 1.14 | -0.25 | -1.05 | - | -0.1 | 1.39 | 3.4 | -1.53 | - | - | - | - | -2.82 | 1.43 | 2.2 | -0.21 | - | -1.2 | - | -0.49 | - | 0.42 | -0.62 | 2.79 | - | -2.03 | -1.04 | -0.6 | -1.36 | -2.26 | - | - | -1.52 | -0.62 | -2.29 | -1.04 | - | -1.46 | -1.82 | -1.18 | -0.88 | -0.12 | -0.88 | - | -0.96 | -1.81 | |
0.96 | 2.97 | 0.1 | 1.69 | -0.28 | - | - | - | 3.43 | - | - | - | - | - | -5.6 | 3.19 | 3.11 | -1.61 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2.25 | |
-1.48 | 3.54 | 1.15 | -0.7 | -1.51 | -0.5 | 0.46 | -0.15 | 2.56 | -2.58 | - | - | - | -3.19 | -7.6 | 2.25 | 1.52 | -0.64 | - | - | - | -2.15 | - | -1.64 | - | 1.73 | - | -1.44 | 0.65 | -1.25 | 0.54 | -2.51 | -1.04 | -0.55 | -3.66 | -1.76 | 1.06 | -1.69 | -0.73 | -1.38 | - | -2.31 | -2.05 | -0.81 | -2.91 | -1.72 | -0.64 | -0.91 | |
- | 3.15 | 1.9 | -1.25 | -1.42 | -0.29 | -1.99 | -0.6 | 2.99 | -1.41 | - | -3.88 | -1.62 | -1.19 | -2.81 | - | 1.52 | 0.81 | -1.29 | 1.45 | 1.55 | 0.81 | -3.52 | 0.7 | 1.65 | -0.41 | 0.03 | - | - | -1.93 | -1.92 | -2.31 | -3.68 | - | -3.73 | -4.56 | - | -0.54 | -3.88 | -1.67 | -1.16 | - | -1.63 | -2.93 | -3.33 | 0.29 | -2.66 | -2.75 | |
-1.34 | 3.5 | 0.88 | 0.63 | -6.31 | -4.94 | - | - | 3.85 | - | - | - | - | - | -6.84 | 3.44 | 2.22 | -0.67 | - | -1.98 | - | - | - | -4.45 | -5.67 | 0.96 | - | - | - | -4.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.68 | 1.94 | 0.62 | 1.92 | -2.88 | 0.48 | -0.18 | -0.88 | 0.31 | -3.64 | -4.9 | -2.11 | -4.13 | - | -3.46 | 3.77 | 1.26 | -2.62 | -3.78 | -0.55 | -0.85 | 0.85 | - | - | 3.18 | -2.79 | 1.7 | -4.81 | -1.82 | -3.22 | -3.93 | -4.06 | -5.94 | - | -0.09 | - | - | -4.5 | - | - | -2.98 | - | -5.04 | -4.32 | - | -4.06 | - | -6.36 | |
- | - | 1.8 | 2.99 | - | - | - | - | 4.51 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.78 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.47 | -0.8 | -0.37 | - | - | - | - | 4.52 | - | - | - | - | - | -3.78 | - | 1.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.51 | - | 2.87 | - | - | - | -5.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.26 | 3.51 | 0.48 | -1.03 | -10.23 | - | - | -10.36 | 3.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | 2.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.02 | - | 2.41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
2.58 | 0.76 | 1.11 | -0.64 | -4.67 | -1.9 | -1.63 | -4.5 | 4.13 | - | - | - | -3.53 | - | -4.21 | 3.6 | 0.52 | -0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.08 | - | 1.95 | -4.49 | -3.12 | -2.93 | -6.14 | -5.08 | - | -5.54 | -3.79 | -2.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -4.69 | -3.46 | -5.14 | |
- | 4.97 | 0.28 | - | -1.71 | - | - | - | 3.18 | - | - | - | - | - | -4.78 | 2.33 | -0.46 | -2.7 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.13 | - | - | - | - | - | -6.11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.06 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 2.34 | 1.39 | 2.24 | 3.77 | -2.13 | - | - | 0.13 | -0.86 | -4.36 | - | -0.39 | -1.29 | - | -0.88 | -0.06 | - | - | -1.19 | 0.18 | -1.43 | 0.24 | - | - | -2.87 | - | - | -3.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.32 | |
-0.35 | 3.74 | 0.4 | 0.64 | -0.92 | - | - | - | 3.92 | - | - | - | - | - | -5.6 | - | 3.16 | -1.52 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.57 | - | - | - | -3.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.54 | -0.6 | -2.17 | -3.11 | - | - | - | 3.66 | - | -0.88 | -0.7 | - | - | - | 2.61 | 1.92 | -0.93 | - | - | - | - | -0.47 | 0.01 | - | 2.65 | -0.76 | -0.09 | -0.24 | -3.17 | -2.49 | -2.04 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.82 | - | |
0.55 | 3.72 | 1.74 | -0.89 | -3.25 | - | - | - | 4.27 | - | - | - | - | - | -5.66 | 1.98 | 1.67 | -0.73 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.22 | - | - | - | -5.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.61 | - | - | - | - | - | -0.47 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.69 | 1.16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 2.99 | 0.66 | 0.74 | - | - | - | - | 4.42 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -0.03 | 2.14 | 1.26 | - | - | - | 1.39 | - | 1.75 | -1.13 | 0.26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-0.66 | 0.17 | 1.0 | 2.97 | 0.67 | 1.26 | 1.41 | -0.21 | 1.81 | -3.85 | -0.77 | -1.21 | - | -4.73 | -3.61 | 3.18 | 0.54 | 0.01 | 1.42 | 1.21 | 1.34 | 0.17 | -0.79 | -2.57 | 0.42 | -0.99 | -2.34 | -2.43 | -1.73 | -1.14 | - | - | - | - | -3.63 | - | -3.85 | - | - | - | - | - | -5.02 | -4.39 | - | - | - | -4.45 | |
- | - | - | 3.67 | -1.02 | -1.8 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 1.9 | - | -1.73 | - | - | - | -5.39 | 4.45 | -2.78 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -0.55 | 1.54 | -1.37 | -3.26 | - | -3.69 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2.62 | -2.79 | - | -2.22 | - | - | -1.13 | |
1.68 | 2.84 | 0.39 | 0.64 | -0.9 | - | -0.05 | - | 3.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.03 | 2.25 | -0.66 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.29 | 0.52 | 3.36 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.85 | 0.83 | - | - | - | - | -0.85 | 2.61 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | - | - | 2.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.03 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.98 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.0 | 2.29 | 0.63 | - | -0.96 | - | - | 4.11 | -4.36 | -2.25 | - | -3.61 | - | -7.32 | 3.21 | 0.06 | -1.65 | -1.04 | -2.04 | - | -2.17 | -2.26 | -2.18 | - | 0.67 | -3.13 | -3.03 | -2.01 | -4.43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.15 | - | -2.43 | -1.8 | - | - | - | -1.95 | - | - | -3.89 | |
- | 3.93 | 0.29 | 1.52 | -3.98 | -1.9 | -2.55 | - | 3.69 | - | -1.75 | - | - | - | -4.37 | - | 2.57 | -1.23 | - | - | - | - | -1.34 | -2.31 | - | 2.93 | -3.16 | - | - | -3.99 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2.89 | |
1.42 | 4.55 | 1.03 | 0.06 | - | - | - | - | 2.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.93 | 2.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
-1.12 | 4.76 | 0.77 | -0.3 | - | - | - | - | 2.06 | - | - | - | - | - | -6.83 | -0.17 | 1.22 | 2.53 | - | -2.57 | - | - | - | 0.82 | 0.4 | 0.04 | - | -1.41 | - | -3.63 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 2.67 | 0.08 | -0.22 | -2.64 | - | - | - | 3.24 | -2.49 | -1.65 | - | - | - | -1.77 | 4.17 | 1.8 | -1.5 | - | - | - | - | - | -1.4 | - | 2.65 | - | - | -2.07 | -4.72 | - | -0.83 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
1.71 | 3.71 | 1.68 | -0.76 | -1.25 | - | - | - | 3.63 | - | - | - | - | - | -3.29 | 3.0 | 1.89 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.59 | -2.9 | - | - | -3.14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.21 | -0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.34 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 0.97 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.29 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.63 | - | - | - | -2.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 2.39 | 1.28 | 2.9 | - | - | - | - | 2.76 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.6 | 4.05 | 2.69 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.57 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 3.58 | 2.51 | -2.12 | - | - | - | - | 3.75 | -1.42 | - | -1.5 | -3.11 | - | -5.24 | 2.62 | 1.69 | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | - | -1.53 | -1.32 | 1.2 | - | -2.52 | -3.21 | -2.79 | -3.8 | - | - | -3.02 | - | - | - | - | - | -2.28 | - | -2.46 | - | - | - | - | -1.44 | -1.84 | |
- | 4.32 | - | - | - | -1.03 | - | - | 3.94 | - | - | -0.72 | - | - | -2.71 | - | 1.36 | -1.6 | - | -0.87 | - | - | - | -0.59 | 0.61 | 2.02 | 0.55 | - | -2.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 4.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.31 | - | - | - | - | 2.12 | - | - | - | 2.45 | - | - | 2.02 | - | 0.13 | 0.69 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -3.11 |
Dark gray cells indicate values where the raw expression is zero (cannot be log-transformed). Blue cells indicate samples where the expression of the gene is below average and red cells indicate the gene is expressed above average in the sample. White cells are average.